法國著名汽車制造商雷諾公司(Renault)與法國公用事業公司Engie合作在法國杜埃市開發地熱能項目
歐盟委員會的研究表明,地熱能可以幫助歐洲實現到2050年前成為首個碳中和大陸的目標
地熱能得到了政府更多的關注,但私人投資者積極性卻落后了
據油價網2022年12月3日報道,由于世界各國政府鼓勵在風能和太陽能以外的可再生能源領域進行更大的創新,以及大量的融資機會,長期被忽視的替代綠色能源正在全球各地涌現。盡管幾十年來人們對各種可再生能源都有了解,但大多數國家都專注于最容易生產的低成本能源。但是許多替代能源的潛力是巨大的,需要更多的研究和開發來建立卓有成效的運作。
其中一種能源就是地熱能,地熱能具有利用地球熱量生產豐富清潔能源的潛力。 然而,克服獲取地熱能的障礙——需要鉆到地球表面深處——阻止了許多公司投資地熱能項目。不過,歐盟和美國能源部(DoE)都強調了地熱能在支持向綠色能源轉型方面的巨大潛力。現在,法國著名汽車制造商雷諾公司(Renault)宣布在這種能源上押下重金,但其他公司會追隨雷諾公司的腳步嗎?
歐盟已經為深層地熱能成立了一個實施工作組(DG工作組),以鼓勵歐洲對地熱能進行更多的研究,并提供一種清潔的供暖和電力來源。DG工作組正在監督深層地熱能實施計劃(IP)的實施。DG工作組認為,在歐洲建立地熱能產業將有助于實現《歐洲綠色協議》和《地平線歐洲》的目標,從化石燃料轉向地熱能有望幫助該地區脫碳25%的能源需求。人們還認為,利用現有的技術,25%的歐洲人口可以經濟有效地使用地熱能供暖。
歐盟委員會的研究表明,地熱能可以幫助歐洲實現到2050年前成為首個碳中和大陸的目標。地熱能有望為歐洲的綠色能源結構作出貢獻,支持現代化的區域和公共供暖系統,并幫助實現歐盟2022年REPowerEU能源計劃的目標。地熱工業的發展預計還將有助于推進其他可再生能源業務,因為從地熱流體中提取礦物有可能實現可持續的鋰生產。因此,歐盟委員會正在支持幾個地熱能創新的研究項目,這將有助于歐洲的綠色能源轉型。
地熱能是通過鉆到地球表面進入地下熱袋而產生的。在地下幾英里的巖石和水中,通過鉆到地下儲水層來獲取地熱資源,就可以獲得熱量。這些熱量可以驅動渦輪機發電。
一些項目已經推出。例如,坐落在一個很強地熱潛力土地上的克羅地亞已經開發了一個地熱工廠,由于它外觀與飛碟相似,這個地熱工廠在景觀中脫穎而出。克羅地亞希望建立一個24小時無碳供電的電網,為鄰國奧地利、匈牙利和塞爾維亞的未來項目提供綠色電力。
克羅地亞碳氫化合物機構首席執行官Marijan Krpan表示:“從中產生大量電力的潛力巨大。集中供暖有巨大的潛力。農業也有巨大的潛力。”然而,盡管人們對地熱能的興趣日益濃厚,但在國際層面上它仍然很少被提及,大多數政府和能源公司繼續在風能和太陽能發電上大舉投資。但這種情況今后有可能會改變。
今年11月份,法國著名汽車制造商雷諾公司宣布將與法國公用事業公司Engie合作,在未來15年里在法國杜埃市的設施開發和運行一個地熱能項目。鉆探作業預計將在2023年開始,計劃在4000米深處抽取熱水。鉆探作業預計最早將在2025年滿足工業和供暖過程的需求,水溫將在130到140攝氏度之間。雷諾公司表示:“一旦實施,這種地熱能技術將持續提供近40兆瓦的電力。”此外,“在夏季,當對熱量的需求較低時,地熱能可以用來生產無碳電力”,雷諾公司補充道。
但這是否會鼓勵其他公司追隨雷諾公司的腳步? 這種曾經很少被提及的能源正逐漸獲得關注,特別是為創新的地熱能解決方案提供資金的歐盟和美國等主要政治大國。但這可能需要更多的主要私人能源、汽車和工業參與者公開采取行動,讓其他人了解地熱能的潛力,并投資于這種綠色能源。
李峻 編譯自 油價網
原文如下:
When Will Geothermal Energy Go Mainstream?
· French automaker Renault partners with Engie on geothermal project in Douai.
· European Commission research showed that geothermal energy could help Europe in its aim to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050.
· Geothermal energy has gotten more attention from federal governments, but private initiatives are lagging behind.
As governments worldwide encourage greater innovation in renewable energy beyond wind and solar power, with significant funding opportunities available, alternative green energy sources are popping up around the globe, having been long neglected. Despite the knowledge of a variety of renewable energy sources for several decades, most countries have focused on the low-cost sources that are easiest to produce. But the potential for many alternative energies is significant, requiring greater research and development to establish fruitful operations. One such power source is geothermal, with the potential to harness the power of the Earth’s heat to produce abundant clean energy. Yet, overcoming the barriers of access – with the need to drill deep into the Earth’s surface – has deterred many companies from investing in geothermal projects. Yet, both the EU and the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) have highlighted the significant potential for geothermal energy in supporting a transition to green. Now, French automaker Renault has announced it is betting big on the power source, but will others follow in its footsteps?
The EU has established an Implementation Working Group for deep geothermal (DG working group) to encourage greater investigation into geothermal energy in Europe, and to provide a clean heating and electricity source. The DG working group is overseeing the rollout of the Deep geothermal implementation plan (IP). DG believes that establishing a geothermal energy industry in Europe will support the achievement of the European Green Deal and the Horizon Europe goals, with a switch from fossil fuels to geothermal expected to help decarbonise up to 25 percent of the region’s energy needs. It is also thought that with the existing technology, 25 percent of the European population can cost-effectively deploy geothermal heating.
European Commission (EC) research showed that geothermal energy could help Europe in its aim to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Geothermal energy is expected to contribute to Europe’s green energy mix, supporting modernised district and communal heating systems and helping achieve the EU’s 2022 REPowerEU Plan targets. The development of a geothermal industry is also expected to help advance other renewable energy operations, with the potential for mineral extraction from geothermal fluids to enable sustainable lithium production. Therefore, the EC is supporting several research projects into geothermal energy innovations that will help with Europe’s green transition.
Geothermal energy is generated by accessing underground heat pockets by drilling down into the surface of the Earth. Thermal energy can be accessed in the rocks and water just a few miles underground by drilling into underground reservoirs to tap into geothermal sources. The heat can then drive turbines for electricity production.
Some projects have already been rolled out. For example, Croatia, which sits on top of an area of land with strong geothermal potential, has developed a geothermal plant, which stands out in the landscape due to its resemblance to a flying saucer. The hope is to establish a 24-hour supply of energy for a carbon-free electricity grid, providing the green print for future projects in neighbouring Austria, Hungary, and Serbia.
Marijan Krpan, the CEO of the Croatian Hydrocarbon Agency stated “There is a huge potential to generate a lot of electricity out of this. There is a huge potential for district heating. And there is a huge potential for agriculture.” However, despite the growing interest in geothermal energy, it is still little talked about at the international level, with most governments and energy firms continuing to invest heavily in wind and solar power. But this might be set to change.
In November, the automaker Renault announced it would be partnering with French utility Engie for the next 15 years to develop and run a geothermal project at its Douai facility. Drilling operations are expected to commence in 2023, with plans to extract hot water at a depth of 4,000 meters. The work is expected to meet the industrial and heating process needs by as early as 2025, with water temperatures between 130 and 140oC. Renault stated that “once implemented, this geothermal technology would provide a power of nearly 40 MW continuously.” In addition, “In summer, when the need for heat is lower, geothermal energy could be used to produce carbon-free electricity,” it added.
But will this encourage other companies to follow in its footsteps? The once little-talked-about energy source is gradually gaining traction, especially as major political powers such as the EU and the U.S. provide funding for innovative geothermal solutions. But it may require a greater number of major private energy, automotive, and industry players to publicly make the move for others to understand the potential of geothermal and invest in this green energy source.
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