據(jù)美國(guó)鉆井網(wǎng)站2022年8月10日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)能源信息署（EIA）表示，與2019年相比，2020年美國(guó)能源產(chǎn)量創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄下降，主要是由于疫情大流行期間經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)低迷。  

EIA說(shuō)，2020年懷俄明州的總能源產(chǎn)量下降幅度最大，減少了1264萬(wàn)億熱能單位，主要是由于煤炭產(chǎn)量下降。根據(jù)EIA的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年美國(guó)7個(gè)州的年度能源產(chǎn)量出現(xiàn)了至少60年來(lái)最大的下降。

為了計(jì)算美國(guó)的總能源產(chǎn)量，并比較以不同物理單位（如桶、立方英尺、噸、千瓦時(shí)等）報(bào)告的不同類(lèi)型的能源，EIA將能源轉(zhuǎn)換為常見(jiàn)的熱量單位，稱(chēng)為英熱單位（Btu）。 EIA使用化石燃料當(dāng)量來(lái)計(jì)算風(fēng)能、水力、太陽(yáng)能和地?zé)岬炔蝗伎稍偕茉吹挠秒娏俊?nbsp;

美國(guó)煤炭產(chǎn)量在2020年下降了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的25%，達(dá)到1965年以來(lái)的最低水平。2020年，由于幾座煤礦關(guān)閉，印第安納州、肯塔基州和懷俄明州的煤炭產(chǎn)量分別下降37%、33%和21%。

從絕對(duì)值來(lái)看，美國(guó)最大的煤炭生產(chǎn)州懷俄明州的煤炭產(chǎn)量下降超過(guò)1000萬(wàn)億英熱單位，是所有州中下降最多的。2020年，亞利桑那州最后一座煤礦關(guān)閉，煤炭生產(chǎn)完全停止。

2020年，美國(guó)原油產(chǎn)量創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄地下降8%。在32個(gè)生產(chǎn)原油的州中，有29個(gè)州的原油產(chǎn)量下降，部分原因是疫情期間對(duì)運(yùn)輸燃料的需求減少。一個(gè)顯著的例外是新墨西哥州，那里的原油產(chǎn)量增加216萬(wàn)億英熱單位，比2019年增加11%。新墨西哥州在2021年成為美國(guó)第二大產(chǎn)油州。

2020年，美國(guó)投入市場(chǎng)的天然氣產(chǎn)量下降不到1%，原因是天然氣需求和價(jià)格在稍暖的一年有所下降。俄克拉荷馬州投入市場(chǎng)的天然氣產(chǎn)量下降300萬(wàn)億英熱單位，該州頁(yè)巖產(chǎn)量下降近20%。在俄亥俄州，盡管2020年下降289萬(wàn)億英熱單位（Btu），但該州投入市場(chǎng)的天然氣產(chǎn)量仍是2010年的31倍。  

2020年，美國(guó)可再生能源產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)不到1%，其中太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)19%，風(fēng)能產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)13%，但生物燃料產(chǎn)量下降10%，水電產(chǎn)量下降2%。2020年，加州的水力發(fā)電量下降45%，是所有州中降幅最大的，主要原因是大范圍的干旱。

2020年，美國(guó)年核能發(fā)電量下降2%，主要原因是馬薩諸塞州等兩個(gè)核電站關(guān)閉。

李峻 編譯自 美國(guó)鉆井網(wǎng)站 

原文如下：

U.S. Energy Production Noted Record Drop In 2020

In 2020, energy production in the United States fell by record amounts compared with 2019, mostly due to decreased economic activity during the Covid-19 pandemic, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said.

Wyoming had the largest drop in total energy production among the states, decreasing by 1,264 trillion thermal units, mostly due to decreased coal production. According to EIA, seven states saw their largest annual energy production decline in at least 60 years.

To calculate U.S. total energy production and to compare different types of energy reported in different physical units (such as barrels, cubic feet, tons, kilowatt-hours, etc.), the EIA converts sources of energy to common units of heat, called British thermal units (Btu). The EIA uses a fossil fuel equivalence to calculate the electricity consumption of noncombustible renewables for wind, hydropower, solar, and geothermal.

U.S. coal production fell by a record 25 percent in 2020 to its lowest level since 1965. Coal production during 2020 fell by 37 percent in Indiana, 33 percent in Kentucky, and 21 percent in Wyoming, as several coal mines closed.

In absolute terms, coal production in Wyoming, the nation’s largest coal producer, decreased by more than 1,000 trillion Btu, the most of any state. In 2020, coal production in Arizona stopped entirely with the closure of its last coal mine.

U.S. crude oil production fell by a record 8 percent in 2020. Production fell in 29 of the 32 states that produce crude oil, in part because of reduced demand for transportation fuels during the pandemic. One notable exception was in New Mexico, where crude oil production increased by 216 trillion Btu – an 11 percent increase from 2019. New Mexico became the nation’s second-largest crude oil-producing state in 2021.

The U.S. marketed natural gas production decreased by less than 1 percent in 2020, as natural gas demand and prices declined during a slightly warmer year. Marketed natural gas production in Oklahoma decreased by over 300 trillion Btu as shale production in the state fell by nearly 20 percent. In Ohio, despite a 289 trillion Btu drop in 2020, marketed natural gas production in the state was 31 times larger than in 2010.

U.S. renewable energy production increased by less than 1 percent in 2020, as solar production increased by 19 percent and wind by 13 percent, but biofuels fell by 10 percent, and hydropower by 2 percent. Hydroelectricity generation in California fell by 45 percent in 2020, the largest decline of any state, mostly because of extensive drought.

U.S. annual nuclear generation fell by 2 percent in 2020, mostly because of nuclear power plant closures in Massachusetts .