???? 據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)3月30日消息稱，即使疫情導(dǎo)致的衰退最終結(jié)束，運(yùn)營(yíng)商也將不得不繼續(xù)探索新的成本削減途徑，以更好地應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)的市場(chǎng)下滑。在一份調(diào)查整個(gè)石油行業(yè)采用機(jī)器人的報(bào)告中，雷斯塔能源發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果有行業(yè)的推動(dòng)，到2030年，現(xiàn)有的解決方案可以取代全球成千上萬(wàn)的油氣工作崗位，并減少數(shù)十億美元的鉆井勞動(dòng)力成本。

????從采用機(jī)器人技術(shù)中獲益頗多的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域是鉆井，因?yàn)樗歉叱杀久芗偷模枰诰哂刑魬?zhàn)性的環(huán)境中執(zhí)行危險(xiǎn)的任務(wù)。機(jī)器人解決方案已經(jīng)成功地應(yīng)用于鉆井作業(yè)中，Nabors等公司走在了發(fā)展的前沿。

????目前的供應(yīng)商規(guī)格，表明機(jī)器人鉆井系統(tǒng)可以將鉆機(jī)所需的鉆工數(shù)量減少20%至30%，雷斯塔能源估計(jì)，基于目前的工資水平，僅在美國(guó)，海上和陸上鉆井人員的減少就可以節(jié)省70多億美元的工資。

????檢查、維護(hù)和維修(IMR)操作也是機(jī)器人操作的理想選擇，也是近年來(lái)機(jī)器人在操作人員中最受歡迎的領(lǐng)域。到目前為止，這主要僅限于海底IMR活動(dòng)，但我們現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始看到IMR機(jī)器人解決方案也被用于海上作業(yè)。

????總體而言，雷斯塔能源認(rèn)為，從理論上講，在未來(lái)10年中，鉆探、運(yùn)營(yíng)支持和維護(hù)等領(lǐng)域中至少20％的工作可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化。從一些主要石油和天然氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)目前的員工人數(shù)來(lái)看，美國(guó)和俄羅斯可以分別減少14萬(wàn)和20萬(wàn)的員工需求。加拿大、英國(guó)和挪威可能分別削減2萬(wàn)至3萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位。

????朱佳妮 摘譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

????原文如下：

????Robots Could Replace Hundreds Of Thousands Of Oil And Gas Jobs By 2030

????Even when the Covid-19 downturn is finally past us, operators will have to continue exploring new avenues for cost reductions to be better equipped to withstand future market declines. In a report that looked into the adoption of robotics across the petroleum industry, Rystad Energy found that existing solutions could replace hundreds of thousands of oil and gas jobs globally and reduce drilling labor costs by several billion dollars by 2030, if there is an industry push for such a transition.

????One of the segments with much to gain from the adoption of robotics is drilling, as it is highly cost-intensive and involves carrying out dangerous tasks in challenging environments. Robotic solutions have already been introduced successfully in drilling operations, with companies such as Nabors at the development forefront.

????Applying current supplier specs, which suggest that robotic drilling systems can potentially reduce the number of roughnecks required on a drilling rig by 20% to 30%, Rystad Energy estimates that such a reduction in both offshore and onshore drilling crews can bring cost savings of more than $7 billion in wages in the US alone, based on present wage levels.

????Inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) operations are also ideal for robotic operations and is the segment where adoption of robotics has gained the most traction among operators in recent years. This has so far mainly been limited to subsea IMR activities, but we are now starting to see IMR robotics solutions also being used for topsides.

????Overall, Rystad Energy believes that at least 20% of the jobs in segments such as drilling, operational support, and maintenance could in theory get automated in the next 10 years. Looking at the current staffing headcount of some key oil and gas producing countries, the US could reduce its staffing needs by over 140,000 employees and Russia by over 200,000 personnel. Canada, the UK, and Norway could shed between 20,000 and 30,000 jobs each.

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