???? 據管道&天然氣雜志網3月22日報道，能源技術公司貝克休斯（Baker Hughes）開創了一項解決方案，以克服高CO2含量油田（如巴西鹽前海上開發項目）中軟管應力腐蝕開裂（SCC）的趨勢，實現了一個重大的技術里程碑。

????檢驗、驗證和保證機構勞埃德船級社（Lloyd's Register）向貝克休斯公司（Baker Hughes）頒發了一份設計鑒定文件（DAD）認證，驗證了該公司的軟管測試計劃和結果。在此之前，貝克休斯進行了為期三年的廣泛測試，包括120多個測試裝置、測試方法和測試特征，包括從現場作業中回收的管道的切割，這標志著為高二氧化碳海上油田提供可行的柔性管道解決方案邁出了一步。該認證證明，除了標準的25-30年設備使用壽命外，貝克休斯還可以將軟管的使用壽命延長至少50%，潛在使用壽命延長2.5倍。

????2017年，巴西國家石油管理局(Brazil National Petroleum Agency)首次發現，在高壓、高二氧化碳含量油田使用的軟管道會導致柔性管道安裝處的抗拉鋼絲斷裂，從而造成潛在的環境影響和生產損失，并發布了失效模式警報。DAD為柔性管道的發展提供了一條道路，以滿足油氣行業的安全和監管要求。

????貝克休斯軟管道系統副總裁Domenico Di Giambattista表示，作為一個能源行業，我們必須不斷分享經驗教訓，以確保安全、可靠和無害環境的運作。貝克休斯運用其技術專長，開創了解決這一難題的解決方案。雖然SCC-二氧化碳現象不是我們在軟管道中所經歷的情況，但它威脅到了某些需要軟管道開發的近海油田的可行性。這個認證是重要的一步，因為我們投資在惡劣的海上環境中充分部署軟管道系統。

????DAD證實，先進的材料和最先進的制造工藝相結合，生產出了一種軟管，能夠承受最惡劣的操作條件，同時仍然保持著優勢，包括油田布局的靈活性、簡化的FPSO配置和縮短首次出油時間。今后，所有貝克休斯在巴西安裝的軟管道都將由DAD覆蓋，并在更換之前延長作業壽命。此外，DAD還能幫助貝克休斯評估和預測作業數年的軟管道的完整性。

????貝克休斯致力于未來的軟管測試，以進一步推進其獨特的技術。

????郝芬 譯自 管道&天然氣雜志網

????原文如下：

????Baker Hughes Flexible Pipe Technology Should Overcome Challenges of Pre-Salt Subsea Developments

????Baker Hughes, an energy technology company, reached a significant technology milestone in pioneering a solution to overcome flexible pipe stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tendencies in high CO2 content fields, such as those found in Brazil’s pre-salt offshore developments.

????The inspection, verification and assurance body, Lloyd’s Register, issued Baker Hughes a design appraisal document (DAD) certification, validating the company’s flexible pipe testing program and results. This follows an extensive three-year testing campaign by Baker Hughes — featuring more than 120 test setups, methodologies and characterizations, including dissection of pipes recovered from field operations — and marks a step towards a viable flexible pipe solution for the most demanding high CO2 offshore fields. The certification verifies that on top of the standard 25-30-year equipment service life, Baker Hughes can extend flexible pipes contracted service life by at least 50%, with the potential of 2.5x life extension.

????In 2017, the Brazil National Petroleum Agency issued a failure mode alert when it first identified flexible pipes used in high-pressure, high-CO2 content fields caused broken tensile armor wires on a flexible pipe installation with potential environmental impacts and production losses. The DAD offers a path forward for the growth of flexible pipes to meet the safety and regulatory requirements in the oil and gas industry.

????“As an energy industry, we must constantly share lessons learned to ensure safe, reliable and environmentally sound operations. Baker Hughes applied its technology expertise to pioneer a solution to solve this challenge,” said Domenico Di Giambattista, vice president for flexible pipe systems at Baker Hughes. “While the SCC-CO2 phenomenon was not something we experienced with our flexible pipes, it threatened the viability of certain offshore fields that require flexible pipe for development. This certification is an important step as we invest for growth to fully deploy flexible pipe systems in tough offshore environments.”

????The DAD confirms that the combination of advanced materials and state-of-the-art manufacturing processes produces a flexible pipe that can withstand the most severe operating conditions while still retaining advantages including flexibility in field layout, simplified FPSO balcony configuration, and reduced time to first oil. Moving forward, all installed flexible pipes by Baker Hughes in Brazil will be covered by the DAD and offer operators extended operating life before replacement. In addition, the DAD enables Baker Hughes to assess and predict the integrity of flexible pipes operating for several years.

????Baker Hughes is committed to future flexible pipe testing to further advance its unique technology.

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